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1 νικάω
νικάω (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX; PsSol 4:10; TestJob 27:5; Test12Patr, Philo, Joseph., Just., Tat.; Ath. 3, 2) ptc. νικῶν, dat. νικῶντι or νικοῦντι (so some edd. Rv 2:17, in part also vs. 7; on this exchange of-άω and-έω forms s. B-D-F §90; W-S. §13, 26; Rob. 203; s. Mlt-H. 195); fut. νικήσω; 1 aor. ἐνίκησα; pf. νενίκηκα. Pass.: 1 fut. inf. νικηθήσεσθαι (Just., D. 78, 9); 1 aor. ἐνικήθην LXX, ptc. νικηθείς; pf. inf. νενικῆσθαι 4 Macc 13:2.① to win in the face of obstacles, be victor, conquer, overcome, prevail, intr.ⓐ in a battle or contest (EpArist 281); of Israel as victorious in battle 12:2 (cp. Ex 17:11); of Christ Rv 3:21b; 5:5 (the foll. inf. ἀνοῖξαι indicates what the victory enables the victor to do). ἐξῆλθεν νικῶν κ. ἵνα νικήσῃ 6:2. Of the good athlete (Lucian, Tim. 50; POxy 1759, 4 letter to an athlete) IPol 3:1. The Christian as ὁ νικῶν the one who is victorious (s. B-D-F §322; Rob. 865) Rv 2:7, 11, 17, 26; 3:5, 12, 21; 21:7 (s. Boll 49, 1). οἱ νικῶντες ἐκ τοῦ θηρίου (=τηρήσαντες ἑαυτοὺς ἐκ τ. θ.—B-D-F §212; GBonaccorsi, Primi saggi di filologia neotest. I ’33 p. clxii) 15:2.—Hs 8, 3, 6 v.l.ⓑ in a legal action (Aristoph., Equ. 95, Av. 445; 447; Protagoras in Diog. L. 9, 56 [νικάω and νίκη]; Artem. 1, 35 p. 36, 20; 4, 31 p. 222, 17 al.; PSI 551, 7 [III B.C.] ἐνίκων τῇ κρίσει; PHal 1, 51; 58 [III B.C.]; Jos., Bell. 2, 284, Ant. 12, 126) ὅπως … και νικήσεις (v.l. νικήσῃς) ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε that you may win when you are accused Ro 3:4; 1 Cl 18:4 (both Ps 50:6.—IG XI/4, 1299, 26f [c. 200 B.C.] Sarapis and his worshipers win in a lawsuit over a new temple [Eng. tr. in Danker, Benefactor, no. 27]).② to overcome someone, vanquish, overcome, trans.ⓐ act. w. the obj. in the acc. τινά overcome someone (Polyb. 6, 58, 13; Diod S 4, 57, 6; Jos., Vi. 81) Lk 11:22; Rv 11:7; 13:7; 17:14. Of Christ νενίκηκα τὸν κόσμον I have overcome the world (i.e. the sum total of everything opposed to God; s. κόσμος 7b) J 16:33b (ν. τι=‘be stronger than’: IAndros Isis, Kyme 55 p. 124). Also said of Christians 1J 5:4f; cp. αὕτη ἐστιν ἡ νίκη ἡ νικήσασα τὸν κόσμον vs. 4b (s. νίκη). Also ν. τὸν πονηρόν overcome the evil one, the devil 2:13f (on this passage and J 16:33b s. JBruns, JBL 86, ’67, 451–53); cp. Rv 12:11. αὐτόν (=τὸν διάβολον) Hs 8, 3, 6. αὐτούς (=τοὺς ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου) 1J 4:4. ν. τὴν ψυχήν win a victory over the soul (i.e. the earthly-minded part of man; cp. Sextus 71a νίκα τὸ σῶμα) 2 Cl 16:2. The conquering power added in the dat.: by (means of) ἔν τινι (Pla., Symp. 213e; Himerius, Or. [Ecl.] 3, 11 ἐν δόγμασι νικῶν ἐκείνους): ἐν τῷ μὴ ποιεῖν τὰς ἐπιθυμίας αὐτῆς τὰς πονηράς by not carrying out its base desires 2 Cl 16:2. ν. ἐν τῷ ἀγαθῷ τὸ κακόν overcome evil with good Ro 12:21b (TestBenj 4:3 οὗτος τὸ ἀγαθὸν ποιῶν νικᾷ τὸ κακόν).ⓑ pass. be conquered, beaten (Thu. 1, 76, 2 al.; Posidippus [III B.C.]: 447 Fgm. 2 Jac. νικᾶται ὁ Κύπριος τῷ σχήματι=the Cyprian is ‘conquered’ by the picture [of Aphrodite] et al.; Philo, De Jos. 200 νικώμενος ὑπὸ πάθους; Jos., Ant. 1, 302 by the force of necessity; Tat. 9, 2 ὁ νικώμενος νῦν εἰσαῦτις ἐπικρατεῖν εἴωθεν; Theoph. Ant. 2, 12 [p. 130, 30] θεὸν γὰρ οὐ χρὴ ὑφʼ ἡδονῆς νικᾶσθαι) Hm 12, 5, 2. ὁ πονηρὸς … νικηθείς AcPlCor 2:15. Let oneself be overcome μὴ νικῶ ὑπὸ τ. κακοῦ Ro 12:21a; Dg 7:7.③ to surpass in ability, outstrip, excel, trans. w. the superior power added in the dat. (cp. Eur., Herc. Fur. 342 ἀρετῇ; Ael. Aristid. 13 p. 272 D.: ἐπιεικείᾳ; Tat. 15:4 θανάτῳ … τὸν θάνατον νενικήκασιν) τοῖς ἰδίοις βίοις νικῶσι τ. νόμους in their way of life they surpass (or outdo) the laws (i.e., they live better lives than the laws require) Dg 5:10.—DELG s.v. νίκη. M-M. TW. -
2 κατακυριεύω
κατακυριεύω (κυριεύω ‘to be lord or master of’) fut. κατακυριεύσω; 1 aor. κατεκυρίευσα, impv. κατακυρίευσον; 1 aor. pass. κατεκυριεύθην.① to bring into subjection, become master, gain dominion over, subdue (Diod S 14, 64, 1; Num 21:24; 32:22; Ps 9:26 al.) τινός (LXX; Test12Patr) Ac 19:16. Fig. become master, gain power τινός over someone (TestJud 15:5) or someth. τοῦ διαβόλου Hm 7:2; 12, 4, 7; 12, 6, 4. τῶν ἔργων τοῦ διαβόλου 12, 6, 2. τῶν πονηρῶν ἔργων 5, 1, 1. τῆς διψυχίας master doubt 9:10. τῆς ἐπιθυμίας τῆς πονηρᾶς κατακυριεῦσαι to master base desire 12, 2, 5. ἃ βλέπεις, ἐκείνων κατακυρίευε what you see, strive to master that Hs 9, 2, 7.—Pass. ὑπό τινος let oneself be overcome by someth. Hm 12, 2, 3.② to have mastery, be master, lord it (over), rule τινός of, over someone or someth. (Ps 118:133; Gen 1:28; Sir 17:4; TestNapht 8:6; ApcMos 14; Ar.) Mt 20:25; Mk 10:42. τῆς γῆς B 6:13, 17. τῶν ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανὸν πάντων be master of everything under heaven Hm 12, 4, 2; cp. 3. τῶν κλήρων 1 Pt 5:3.—DELG s.v. κύριος. TW. -
3 καταδύω
I intr., in [voice] Act. [tense] pres. καταδύνω and [voice] Med. καταδύομαι: [tense] fut. - δύσομαι: [tense] aor. - εδῡσάμην, [dialect] Ep. 2 and [ per.] 3sg. -δύσεο, -δύσετο:—[voice] Act., [tense] aor. 2 κατέδυν: [tense] pf. καταδέδῡκα:—go down, sink, set, esp. of the sun (as Hom. always in [tense] aor. 2 [voice] Act.),ἠέλιος κατέδυ Il.1.475
, etc.; ἅμα.. ἠελίῳ καταδύντι ib. 592;ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα Od.10.183
;ἠελίοιο -δῡομένοιο h.Merc. 197
; καταδεδυκέναι τὴν [ νῆσον]κατὰ θαλάσσης Hdt.7.235
; also of ships, to be sunk or disabled, Id.8.90, Th.2.92, 7.34, X.HG1.6.35, etc.; alsoοἱ ἱππεῖς καταδύνοντες ἐν τέλμασιν Plb. 5.47.2
; κ. ὑφ' ὕδατι duck under water, Batr.89; καταδεδυκώς having popped down, Ar.V. 140.2 go down, plunge into, c. acc.,καταδῦναι ὅμιλον Il.10.231
, etc.; κατεδύσετο πουλὺν ὅμιλον ib. 517;καταδύσεο μῶλον Ἄρηος 18.134
; so μάχην, δόμον, πόλιν καταδύμεναι, 3.241, 8.375, Od.4.246: folld. by Prep., μυῖαι καδδῦσαι ([dialect] Ep. for καταδ-)κατὰ.. ὠτειλάς Il.19.25
;σπάργαν' ἔσω κατέδυνε h.Merc. 237
; καταδυσόμεθ'.. εἰς Ἀΐδαο δόμους we shall go down into.., Od.10.174; soκαταδύνειν ἐς ὕλην Hdt.9.37
, cf. 4.76; εἰς φάραγγας, of hares, X.Cyn.5.16; εἰς ἅπασαν [ τὴν πόλιν] Pl.R. 576e;κατὰ τῆς γῆς Hdt.4.132
;κατὰ τέφρας πολλῆς Plu.Cam.32
; of souls, εἰς βυθὸν κ. Plu.2.943d: c. dat., sink into,ταῖς ὁμοιοπαθείαις Metrod.Fr.38
: freq. with a notion of secrecy, insinuate oneself, steal into,καταδύεται εἰς τὸ ἐντὸς τῆς ψυχῆς ὅ τε ῥυθμὸς καὶ ἁρμονία Pl.R. 401d
; ἡ ἀναρχία εἰς τὰς ἰδίας οἰκίας κ. ib. 562e; κ. ἡ ψῦξις ἕως πλείστου the cold penetrates most, Gal.15.90, cf. 6.178.3 slink away and lie hid,καταδύεσθαι ὑπὸ τῆς αἰσχύνης X.Cyr.6.1.35
, cf. D.21.199 (so abs., to be overcome with shame,ἐπὶ τῇ ἀγνοίᾳ Zos.5.40
);καταδεδυκὼς ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ Pl.R. 579b
; , etc.4 get into, put on,κατέδυ κλυτὰ τεύχεα Il.6.504
, cf. Od.12.228;κατεδύσετο τεύχεα καλά Il.7.103
;εἵματα Mosch.4.102
.II causal, make to sink, rare in [tense] pres.,ἐμπίπτων καὶ καταδύων Pherecr.12
;ἐμὲ καταδύουσι τῷ ἄχει X.Cyr.6.1.37
: mostly in [tense] aor. 1,γαύλους καταδύσας Hdt.6.17
; in naval warfare, καταδῦσαι ναῦν cut it down to the water's edge, disable it, Id.8.87, al., Ar.Ra.49, Th.1.50; ἥλιον ἐν λέσχῃ κατεδύσαμεν we let the sun go down in talk, Call.Epigr.2, cf. Aristaenet.1.24.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καταδύω
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